Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS (February 2017) (2024)

\IEEEtitleabstractindextext

First A. Author \IEEEmembershipFellow, IEEE Second B. Author and Third C. Author Jr \IEEEmembershipMember, IEEEThis paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date onwhich you submitted your paper for review. It will also contain supportinformation, including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. Forexample, “This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department ofCommerce under Grant BS123456.” The next few paragraphs should containthe authors’ current affiliations, including current address and e-mail. Forexample, F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e-mail: author@boulder.nist.gov). S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He isnow with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).T. C. Author is withthe Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute for Metals,Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).

Abstract

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers forIEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document as a template if you areusing LaTeX. Otherwise, use this document as aninstruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted furtherat IEEE. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters,not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title;short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., ”Nd–Fe–B”). Donot write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are preferred inthe author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection ofwhat is in your article. In particular, the abstract must be self-contained,without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm ofthe full article. The abstract must be between 150–250 words. Be sure thatyou adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstractaccordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should notcontain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstractshould include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this willhelp readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of suchphrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines.Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.

{IEEEkeywords}Enter key words or phrases in alphabeticalorder, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, send a blanke-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt

1 Introduction

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This document is a template for LaTeX. If you arereading a paper or PDF version of this document, please download theelectronic file, trans_jour.tex, from the IEEE Web site at http://www.ieee.org/authortools/trans_jour.tex so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. Ifyou would prefer to use LaTeX, download IEEE’s LaTeX style and sample filesfrom the same Web page. You can also explore using the Overleaf editor athttps://www.overleaf.com/blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-with-ieee-collabratec-your-quick-guide-to-getting-started#.xsVp6tpPkrKM9

If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conferenceeditor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particularconference.

IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper is intendedfor a conference, please observe the conference page limits.

1.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text,even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviationssuch as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations thatincorporate periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N.R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable(for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

1.2 Other Recommendations

Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers:“zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such as,“Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or whatused (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or“Using (1), we calculated the potential.”

Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use“cm³,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm $\times$ 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 $\times$ 0.2 cm².” Theabbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Use“Wb/m²” or “webers per square meter,” not“webers/m².” When expressing a range of values, write “7 to9” or “7–9,” not “7 $\sim$ 9.”

A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside ofthe closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuatedwithin the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are withinquotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”!Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.” Theserial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and usethe active voice (“I observed that $\ldots$ ” or “We observed that $\ldots$ ”instead of “It was observed that $\ldots$ ”). Remember to check spelling. Ifyour native language is not English, please get a native English-speakingcolleague to carefully proofread your paper.

Try not to use too many typefaces in the same article. You’re writingscholarly papers, not ransom notes. Also please remember that MathJaxcan’t handle really weird typefaces.

1.3 Equations

Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flushwith the right margin, as in (1). To make your equations morecompact, you may use the solidus (/), the exp function, or appropriateexponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuateequations when they are part of a sentence, as in

E=mc^{2}.

(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before theequation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols ( $T$ might referto temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)”or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1)is $\ldots$ .”

1.4 LaTeX-Specific Advice

Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references insteadof “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it possibleto combine sections, add equations, or change the order of figures orcitations without having to go through the file line by line.

Please don’t use the {eqnarray} equation environment. Use{align} or {IEEEeqnarray} instead. The {eqnarray}environment leaves unsightly spaces around relation symbols.

Please note that the {subequations} environment in LaTeXwill increment the main equation counter even when there are noequation numbers displayed. If you forget that, you might write anarticle in which the equation numbers skip from (17) to (20), causingthe copy editors to wonder if you’ve discovered a new method ofcounting.

BibTEX does not work by magic. It doesn’t get the bibliographicdata from thin air but from .bib files. If you use BibTEX to produce abibliography you must send the .bib files.

LaTeX can’t read your mind. If you assign the same label to asubsubsection and a table, you might find that Table I has been crossreferenced as Table IV-B3.

LaTeX does not have precognitive abilities. If you put a\label command before the command that updates the counter it’ssupposed to be using, the label will pick up the last counter to becross referenced instead. In particular, a \label commandshould not go before the caption of a figure or a table.

Do not use \nonumber inside the {array} environment. Itwill not stop equation numbers inside {array} (there won’t beany anyway) and it might stop a wanted equation number in thesurrounding equation.

If you are submitting your paper to a colorized journal, you can usethe following two lines at the start of the article to ensure itsappearance resembles the final copy:

\documentclass[journal,twoside,web]{ieeecolor}

\usepackage{Journal_Name}

2 Units

Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are stronglyencouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses).This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15Gb/cm² (100 Gb/in ${}^{2})$ .” An exception is whenEnglish units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½-indisk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperesand magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion becauseequations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearlystate the units for each quantity in an equation.

The SI unit for magnetic field strength $H$ is A/m. However, if you wish to useunits of T, either refer to magnetic flux density $B$ or magnetic fieldstrength symbolized as $\mu_{0}H$ . Use the center dot to separatecompound units, e.g., “A $\cdot$ m².”

3 Some Common Mistakes

The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for thepermeability of vacuum $\mu_{0}$ is zero, not a lowercase letter“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adjectiveis “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word“micrometer” instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an“inset,” not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to theword “alternately” (unless you really mean something that alternates). Usethe word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring tosimultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to mean“approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as aeuphemism for “problem.” When compositions are not specified, separatechemical symbols by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates theintermetallic compound Ni_0.5Mn_0.5 whereas“Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some compositionNi_xMn_1-x.

Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS (February 2017) (2)

Be aware of the different meanings of the hom*ophones “affect” (usually averb) and “effect” (usually a noun), “complement” and “compliment,”“discreet” and “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principalinvestigator”) and “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Donot confuse “imply” and “infer.”

4 Guidelines for Graphics Preparation and Submission

4.1 Types of Graphics

The following list outlines the different types of graphics published inIEEE journals. They are categorized based on their construction, and use ofcolor/shades of gray:

4.1.1 Color/Grayscale figures

Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of black/gray. Suchfigures may include photographs, illustrations, multicolor graphs, andflowcharts.

4.1.2 Line Art figures

Figures that are composed of only black lines and shapes. These figuresshould have no shades or half-tones of gray, only black and white.

4.1.3 Author photos

Head and shoulders shots of authors that appear at the end of our papers.

4.1.4 Tables

Data charts which are typically black and white, but sometimes includecolor.

Symbol	Quantity	Conversion from Gaussian andCGS EMU to SI ^a
$\Phi$	magnetic flux	1 Mx $\to 10^{-8}$ Wb $=10^{-8}$ V $\cdot$ s
$B$	magnetic flux density,magnetic induction	1 G $\to 10^{-4}$ T $=10^{-4}$ Wb/m²
$H$	magnetic field strength	1 Oe $\to 10^{3}/(4\pi)$ A/m
$m$	magnetic moment	1 erg/G $=$ 1 emu $\to 10^{-3}$ A $\cdot$ m ${}^{2}=10^{-3}$ J/T
$M$	magnetization	1 erg/(G $\cdot$ cm ${}^{3})=$ 1 emu/cm³ $\to 10^{3}$ A/m
4 $\pi M$	magnetization	1 G $\to 10^{3}/(4\pi)$ A/m
$\sigma$	specific magnetization	1 erg/(G $\cdot$ g) $=$ 1 emu/g $\to$ 1 A $\cdot$ m²/kg
$j$	magnetic dipolemoment	1 erg/G $=$ 1 emu $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-10}$ Wb $\cdot$ m
$J$	magnetic polarization	1 erg/(G $\cdot$ cm ${}^{3})=$ 1 emu/cm³ $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-4}$ T
$\chi,\kappa$	susceptibility	1 $\to 4\pi$
$\chi_{\rho}$	mass susceptibility	1 cm³/g $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-3}$ m³/kg
$\mu$	permeability	1 $\to 4\pi\times 10^{-7}$ H/m $=4\pi\times 10^{-7}$ Wb/(A $\cdot$ m)
$\mu_{r}$	relative permeability	$\mu\to\mu_{r}$
$w,W$	energy density	1 erg/cm ${}^{3}\to 10^{-1}$ J/m³
$N,D$	demagnetizing factor	1 $\to 1/(4\pi)$
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions forthe entire table do not need footnote letters.
^aGaussian units are the same as cg emu for magnetostatics; Mx $=$ maxwell, G $=$ gauss, Oe $=$ oersted; Wb $=$ weber, V $=$ volt, s $=$ second, T $=$ tesla, m $=$ meter, A $=$ ampere, J $=$ joule, kg $=$ kilogram, H $=$ henry.

4.2 Multipart figures

Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented side-by-side, orstacked. If a multipart figure is made up of multiple figuretypes (one part is lineart, and another is grayscale or color) the figureshould meet the stricter guidelines.

4.3 File Formats For Graphics

Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics processing programthat will allow you to create the images as PostScript (PS), EncapsulatedPostScript (.EPS), Tagged Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable DocumentFormat (.PDF), Portable Network Graphics (.PNG), or Metapost (.MPS), sizes them, and adjuststhe resolution settings. Whensubmitting your final paper, your graphics should all be submittedindividually in one of these formats along with the manuscript.

4.4 Sizing of Graphics

Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5 inches/88millimeters/21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches/181 millimeters/43picas). The maximum depth a graphic can be is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters/54picas). When choosing the depth of a graphic, please allow space for acaption. Figures can be sized between column and page widths if the authorchooses, however it is recommended that figures are not sized less thancolumn width unless when necessary.

There is currently one publication with column measurements that do notcoincide with those listed above. Proceedings of the IEEE has a columnmeasurement of 3.25 inches (82.5 millimeters/19.5 picas).

The final printed size of author photographs is exactly1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4 millimeters $\,\times\,$ 31.75 millimeters/6picas $\,\times\,$ 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 incheswide by 2 inches tall (40 millimeters $\,\times\,$ 50 millimeters/9.5 picas $\,\times\,$ 12picas).

4.5 Resolution

The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type of figure itis as defined in the “Types of Figures” section. Author photographs,color, and grayscale figures should be at least 300dpi. Line art, includingtables should be a minimum of 600dpi.

4.6 Vector Art

In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple computerplatforms, we accept files in the following formats: .EPS/.PDF/.PS. Allfonts must be embedded or text converted to outlines in order to achieve thebest-quality results.

4.7 Color Space

The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that can berepresented within the said medium. For our purposes, the three main colorspaces are Grayscale, RGB (red/green/blue) and CMYK(cyan/magenta/yellow/black). RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics,whereas CMYK is used for printing purposes.

All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color space. Grayscaleimages should be submitted in Grayscale color space. Line art may beprovided in grayscale OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace”and “bitmap file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap color spaceis selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended file formats.

4.8 Accepted Fonts Within Figures

When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use of one of thefollowing Open Type fonts: Times New Roman, Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, andSymbol. If you are supplying EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must beembedded. Some fonts may only be native to your operating system; withoutthe fonts embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing.

A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the fonts beforeyou save the files, creating “outline” type. This converts fonts toartwork what will appear uniformly on any screen.

4.9 Using Labels Within Figures

4.9.1 Figure Axis labels

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather thansymbols. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or“Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not labelaxes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A $\cdot$ m^-1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities andunits. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or“Magnetization (10³ A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization(A/m) $\,\times\,$ 1000” because the reader would not know whether the topaxis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should belegible, approximately 8 to 10 point type.

4.9.2 Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables

Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before final submission.Labels should appear centered below each subfigure in 8 point Times NewRoman font in the format of (a) (b) (c).

4.10 File Naming

Figures (line artwork or photographs) should be named starting with thefirst 5 letters of the author’s last name. The next characters in thefilename should be the number that represents the sequentiallocation of this image in your article. For example, in author“Anderson’s” paper, the first three figures would be named ander1.tif,ander2.tif, and ander3.ps.

Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the caption) andshould be named similarly to figures, except that ‘.t’ is insertedin-between the author’s name and the table number. For example, authorAnderson’s first three tables would be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps,ander.t3.eps.

Author photographs should be named using the first five characters of thepictured author’s last name. For example, four author photographs for apaper may be named: oppen.ps, moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.

If two authors or more have the same last name, their first initial(s) canbe substituted for the fifth, fourth, third $\ldots$ letters of their surnameuntil the degree where there is differentiation. For example, two authorsMichael and Monica Oppenheimer’s photos would be named oppmi.tif, andoppmo.eps.

4.11 Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper

When referencing your figures and tables within your paper, use theabbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate“Table.” Tables should be numbered with Roman Numerals.

4.12 Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics Analyzer

The IEEE Graphics Analyzer enables authors to pre-screen their graphics forcompliance with IEEE Transactions and Journals standards before submission.The online tool, located athttp://graphicsqc.ieee.org/, allows authors toupload their graphics in order to check that each file is the correct fileformat, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are missing orcorrupt; that figures are not compiled in layers or have transparency, andthat they are named according to the IEEE Transactions and Journals namingconvention. At the end of this automated process, authors are provided witha detailed report on each graphic within the web applet, as well as byemail.

For more information on using the Graphics Analyzer or any other graphicsrelated topic, contact the IEEE Graphics Help Desk by e-mail atgraphics@ieee.org.

4.13 Submitting Your Graphics

Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of eachcolumn. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed atthe end of your paper. In addition to, or even in lieu of submitting figureswithin your final manuscript, figures should be submitted individually,separate from the manuscript in one of the file formats listed above inSection 4.3. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titlesabove the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the figures, orput them in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Also, do not place bordersaround the outside of your figures.

4.14 Color Processing/Printing in IEEE Journals

All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author to publishcolor figures on IEEE Xplore®at no charge, and automaticallyconvert them to grayscale for print versions. In most journals, figures andtables may alternatively be printed in color if an author chooses to do so.Please note that this service comes at an extra expense to the author. Ifyou intend to have print color graphics, include a note with your finalpaper indicating which figures or tables you would like to be handled thatway, and stating that you are willing to pay the additional fee.

5 Conclusion

A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review themain points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. Aconclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggestapplications and extensions.

\appendices

Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.

Acknowledgment

The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in American English iswithout an “e” after the “g.” Use the singular heading even if you havemany acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) wouldlike to thank $\ldots$ .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks $\ldots$ .” In mostcases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are placed in theunnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.

References and Footnotes

5.1 References

References need not be cited in text. When they are, they appear on theline, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Multiple references areeach numbered with separate brackets. When citing a section in a book,please give the relevant page numbers. In text, refer simply to thereference number. Do not use “Ref.” or “reference” except at thebeginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows $\ldots$ .” Please do not useautomatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of thepaper using the “References” style.

Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hangingout beyond the body of the reference. The reference numbers are on the line,enclosed in square brackets. In all references, the given name of the authoror editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Usethem all; use et al. only if names are not given. Use commas around Jr.,Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles. When citing IEEEtransactions, provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year,and/or month if available. When referencing a patent, provide the day andthe month of issue, or application. References may not include allinformation; please obtain and include relevant information. Do not combinereferences. There must be only one reference with each number. If there is aURL included with the print reference, it can be included at the end of thereference.

Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper title, exceptfor proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translationjournals, please give the English citation first, followed by the originalforeign-language citation See the end of this document for formats andexamples of common references. For a complete discussion of references andtheir formats, see the IEEE style manual athttp://www.ieee.org/authortools.

5.2 Footnotes

Number footnotes separately in superscript numbers.¹¹1It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except forthe unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead,try to integrate the footnote information into the text. Place the actualfootnote at the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not putfootnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes(see Table 1).

6 Submitting Your Paper for Review

6.1 Final Stage

When you submit your final version (after your paper has been accepted),print it in two-column format, including figures and tables. You must alsosend your final manuscript on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Webmanuscript submission system as directed by the society contact. You may useZip for large files, or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.

Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact information for allauthors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, ande-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each author acomplimentary copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition,designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the author towhom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the correspondingauthor only.

6.2 Review Stage Using ScholarOne®Manuscripts

Contributions to the Transactions, Journals, and Letters may be submittedelectronically on IEEE’s on-line manuscript submission and peer-reviewsystem, ScholarOne®Manuscripts. You can get a listing of thepublications that participate in ScholarOne athttp://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/authors_submission.html.First check if you have an existing account. If there is none, please createa new account. After logging in, go to your Author Center and click “SubmitFirst Draft of a New Manuscript.”

Along with other information, you will be asked to select the subject from apull-down list. Depending on the journal, there are various steps to thesubmission process; you must complete all steps for a complete submission.At the end of each step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploadingthe paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see aconfirmation that the submission is complete. You should also receive ane-mail confirmation. For inquiries regarding the submission of your paper onScholarOne Manuscripts, please contact oprs-support@ieee.org or call +1 732465 5861.

ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review in various formats.Please check the guidelines of the specific journal for which you plan tosubmit.

You will be asked to file an electronic copyright form immediately uponcompleting the submission process (authors are responsible for obtaining anysecurity clearances). Failure to submit the electronic copyright couldresult in publishing delays later. You will also have the opportunity todesignate your article as “open access” if you agree to pay the IEEE openaccess fee.

6.3 Final Stage Using ScholarOne Manuscripts

Upon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific instructionsregarding the submission of your final files. To avoid any delays inpublication, please be sure to follow these instructions. Most journalsrequire that final submissions be uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts,although some may still accept final submissions via email. Finalsubmissions should include source files of your accepted manuscript, highquality graphic files, and a formatted pdf file. If you have any questionsregarding the final submission process, please contact the administrativecontact for the journal.

In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact information for allauthors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, ande-mail addresses. Designate the author who submitted the manuscript onScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This is the onlyauthor to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.

6.4 Copyright Form

Authors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form (eCF) upon submittingtheir final manuscript files. You can access the eCF system through yourmanuscript submission system or through the Author Gateway. You areresponsible for obtaining any necessary approvals and/or securityclearances. For additional information on intellectual property rights,visit the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights department web page athttp://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html.

7 IEEE Publishing Policy

The general IEEE policy requires that authors should only submit originalwork that has neither appeared elsewhere for publication, nor is underreview for another refereed publication. The submitting author must discloseall prior publication(s) and current submissions when submitting amanuscript. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The submittingauthor is responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and anyconsent required from employers or sponsors before submitting an article.The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department strongly discourages courtesyauthorship; it is the obligation of the authors to cite only relevant priorwork.

The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not publish conferencerecords or proceedings, but can publish articles related to conferences thathave undergone rigorous peer review. Minimally, two reviews are required forevery article submitted for peer review.

8 Publication Principles

The two types of contents of that are published are; 1) peer-reviewed and 2)archival. The Transactions and Journals Department publishes scholarlyarticles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and criticalreviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.

Authors should consider the following points:

1.
Technical papers submitted for publication must advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
2.
The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious extension of previously published work might not be appropriate for publication or might be adequately treated in just a few pages.
3.
Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or unexpected results are reported.
4.
Because replication is required for scientific progress, papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient information to allow readers to perform similar experiments or calculations anduse the reported results. Although not everything need be disclosed, a papermust contain new, useable, and fully described information. For example, aspecimen’s chemical composition need not be reported if the main purpose ofa paper is to introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should expectto be challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by adequatedata and critical details.
5.
Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for publication.

9 Reference Examples

•
Basic format for books:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. $x$ , sec. $x$ , pp. xxx–xxx.
See [1, 2].
•
Basic format for periodicals:
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. $x,$ pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, DOI. 10.1109.XXX.123456.
See [3]–[5].
•
Basic format for reports:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.
See [6, 7].
•
Basic format for handbooks:
Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.
See [8, 9].
•
Basic format for books (when available online):
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title ofPublished Book, $x$ th ed. City of Publisher, State, Country: Abbrev.of Publisher, year, ch. $x$ , sec. $x$ , pp. xxx–xxx. [Online].Available: http://www.web.com
See [10]–[13].
•
Basic format for journals (when available online):
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. $x$ , no. $x$ , pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. Accessed on: Month, Day, year, DOI: 10.1109.XXX.123456, [Online].
See [14]–[16].
•
Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when available online):
J.K. Author. (year, month). Title. presented at abbrev. conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file
See [17].
•
Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available online):
J. K. Author. “Title of report,” Company. City, State, Country. Rep. no., (optional: vol./issue), Date. [Online] Available: site/path/file
See [18, 19].
•
Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents (when available online):
Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month day). Number of bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
NOTE: ISO recommends that capitalization follow the accepted practice for the language or script in which the information is given.
See [20].
•
Basic format for patents (when available online):
Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
See [21].
•
Basic formatfor conference proceedings (published):
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxxxxx.
See [22].
•
Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished):
See [23].
•
Basic format for patents $:$
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
See [24].
•
Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):
1. 1.
  J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
2. 2.
  J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
See [25, 26].
•
Basic format for the most common types of unpublished references:
1. 1.
  J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
2. 2.
  J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
3. 3.
  J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.
See [27]–[29].
•
Basic formats for standards:
1. 1.
  Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
2. 2.
  Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
See [30, 31].
•
Article number inreference examples:
See [32, 33].
•
Example when using et al.:
See [34].

References

[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, 2^nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA, USA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
[3] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959, 10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
[4] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
[5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published.
[6] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
[7] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
[8] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3^rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[9] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989.
[10] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrialplastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters,Ed., 2^nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.[Online]. Available:http://www.bookref.com.
[11] The Founders’ Constitution, Philip B. Kurlandand Ralph Lerner, eds., Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. Chicago Press, 1987.[Online]. Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
[12] The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014.[Online]. Available:http://dl.z-thz.com/eBook/zomega_ebook_pdf_1206_sr.pdf. Accessed on: May 19, 2014.
[13] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., TheFounders’ Constitution. Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press,1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28, 2010, [Online] Available:http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
[14] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Jan. 1995.
[15] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic frequency shifter using a surface acoustic wave incident at an oblique angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb. 1986.
[16] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.
[17] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets:Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporateproductivity. Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online].Available: http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
[18] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster
[19] Teralyzer. Lytera UG, Kirchhain, Germany [Online].Available:http://www.lytera.de/Terahertz_THz_Spectroscopy.php?id=home, Accessed on: Jun. 5, 2014
[20] U.S. House. 102^nd Congress, 1^st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS
[21] Musical toothbrush with mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DES
[22] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched pas- sively coupled single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, Boston, MA, USA, 1985, pp. 585–590.
[23] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2^nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
[24] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,” U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.
[25] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
[26] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
[27] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[28] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
[29] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.
[30] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[31] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
[32] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.
[33] J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art. no. 2600111
[34] S. Azodolmolkyet al., Experimental demonstration of an impairment aware network planning and operation tool for transparent/translucent optical networks,”J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 439–448, Sep. 2011.

{IEEEbiography}

[]First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and all authors may includebiographies. Biographies are often not included in conference-relatedpapers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976, a SeniorMember (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first paragraph maycontain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date). Next,the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should belisted with type of degree in what field, which institution, city,state, and country, and year the degree was earned. The author’s majorfield of study should be lower-cased.

The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not theauthor’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including summerand fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have alocation; previous positions may be listedwithout one. Information concerning previous publications may be included.Try not to list more than three books or published articles. The format forlisting publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book(publisher name, year) similar to a reference. Current and previous researchinterests end the paragraph. The third paragraph begins with the author’stitle and last name (e.g., Dr.Smith, Prof.Jones, Mr.Kajor, Ms.Hunter).List any memberships in professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally,list any awards and work for IEEE committees and publications. If aphotograph is provided, it should be of good quality, andprofessional-looking. Following are two examples of an author’s biography.

{IEEEbiography}

[]Second B. Author was born in Greenwich Village, New York, NY, USA in1977. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in aerospace engineering fromthe University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 2001 and the Ph.D. degree inmechanical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, in 2008.

From 2001 to 2004, he was a Research Assistant with the Princeton PlasmaPhysics Laboratory. Since 2009, he has been an Assistant Professor with theMechanical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station.He is the author of three books, more than 150 articles, and more than 70inventions. His research interests include high-pressure and high-densitynonthermal plasma discharge processes and applications, microscale plasmadischarges, discharges in liquids, spectroscopic diagnostics, plasmapropulsion, and innovation plasma applications. He is an Associate Editor ofthe journal Earth, Moon, Planets, and holds two patents.

Dr. Author was a recipient of the International Association of Geomagnetismand Aeronomy Young Scientist Award for Excellence in 2008, and the IEEEElectromagnetic Compatibility Society Best Symposium Paper Award in 2011.

{IEEEbiography}

[]Third C. Author, Jr. (M’87) received the B.S. degree in mechanicalengineering from National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, in 2004and the M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from National Tsing HuaUniversity, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 2006. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D.degree in mechanical engineering at Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, TX, USA.

From 2008 to 2009, he was a Research Assistant with the Institute ofPhysics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan. His research interest includes thedevelopment of surface processing and biological/medical treatmenttechniques using nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas, fundamental studyof plasma sources, and fabrication of micro- or nanostructured surfaces.

Mr. Author’s awards and honors include the Frew Fellowship (AustralianAcademy of Science), the I. I. Rabi Prize (APS), the European Frequency andTime Forum Award, the Carl Zeiss Research Award, the William F. MeggersAward and the Adolph Lomb Medal (OSA).